The lion’s every movement has a specific musical rhythm. The Chinese Lion Dance is customarily performed during the Lunar New Year to herald in the new year and bring prosperity, good luck and peace. The larger lions manipulated by two persons may be referred to as great lions (太獅), and those manipulated by one person little lions (少獅). This has more than 22 different testings that you can use to show the lion's movement, whereas fut san has only around 7. Now, as with many other countries, lion dance troupes must attain a permit from the government in order to perform lion dance. The performances may also be broadly divided into civil (文獅) and martial (武獅) styles. [25][26][27] Other ethnic minorities groups in China also have their own lion dances, for example, the lion dance of the Muslim minority in Shenqiu County in Henan called the Wen Lion,[28][29] the Yongdeng lion dance in Yongdeng County, Lanzhou, Gansu,[30] and the Hakka Lion; popular with the Hakka people; which is very similar to both the Hokkien and Taiwanese Lions. [87] This ban was however overturned after the collapse of the Suharto regime in 1998, nevertheless the occasional local banning of the lion dance still occurred.[88]. The lion dance combines art, history and kung fu moves. The head of the lion is made out of papier mâché and the nearly constant twinkle and movement of the lion’s eyelids as well as the movement of the head and mouth are supposed to enhance the lion’s vitality and longevity, while the tail of the lion sweeps away bad fortune and unpleasant things from last year. [59], Lion dance as an exorcism ritual began to be performed in the New Year in Korea during the Goryeo dynasty. It is similar to the Chinese southern lion dance, except that the lion is mainly green in color and has a distinct round flat mask. The eyes are fixed in place, and the tongue and teeth do not pop up. The black lion is considered the youngest lion, and the movement of this lion should be fast like a young child or a headstrong teenager. The Chinese Northern Lion (simplified Chinese: 北狮; traditional Chinese: 北獅; pinyin: Běi shī) Dance is often performed as a pair of male and female lions in the north of China. It has a high forehead, curved lips and a sharp horn on its head. [citation needed]. Since the schools' reputations were at stake, the fights were usually fierce but civilized. Head of a Lion Dance costume, China Town, Bangkok, Back to the index of Chinese Customs and Traditions Glossary. The series' main actor, Jet Li, has performed as a lion dancer in several of his films, including Southern style lion dancing in Once Upon a Time in China III, Once Upon a Time in China and America and Northern style lion dancing in Shaolin Temple 2 and Shaolin Temple 3: North and South Shaolin. [49] The dance is commonly performed during the New Year to bring good luck and drive away evil spirits, and the lion dancers may be accompanied by flute and drum musicians. [45] A court version of the dance is performed at the Duyet Thi Duong Theatre within the ground of the royal palace in Huế. Lion dance has two different styles: Northern Lion and Southern Lion. Contáctanos. https://www.chinahighlights.com/.../chinese-new-year/new-year-lion-dance.htm [62] The best known of the Korean saja-noreum lion dances is the Bukcheong sajanoreum or lion mask play from Bukcheong. The lion the king of all animals is considered, and in Chinese tradition is considered a pet that can protect you from bad luck and misfortune, while bringing peace and prosperity. The knowledge gained by training in these arts, extend beyond the physical. [44], The lion dance is known in Vietnam as the unicorn dance (Vietnamese: múa lân) based on the mythical creature kỳ lân, which is similar to the Chinese Qilin. Nowadays, whenever teams meet each other, they'll shake hands through the mouth of the lion to show sportsmanship. [53][54] Various forms of shishi dances are also found in noh, kabuki (where the lion dances form a group of plays termed shakkyōmono, examples include Renjishi),[55][56] and bunraku theatres. The most common style is Sar Ping lion dance beats. It is distinguishable from the dragon dance which is performed by many people who hold the long sinuous body of the dragon on poles. Flaticon, the largest database of free vector icons. The lions are normally awarded with customary gifts like oranges symbolizing wealth or mandarins/ tangerines (see: Food Symbolism) symbolizing luck and red envelopes containing money. While fascinating, entertaining and richly this ritual demonstrates how one should approach the ineffable - with good humour and dexterity. Instead of dancing to the sounds of flutes and drums, the Okinawan shisa dance is often performed to folk songs played with the sanshin. For countries like Malaysia with a substantial Chinese population, local expertise may be available in making the "lion" costumes and musical instruments without having to import them from China. También en este momento este sitio puede descargar videos, sonidos o imágenes de dichos recursos: Los mejores videos descargados. The music follows the moves of the lion, the drum follows the lion, the cymbals and the gong follow the drum player. He and his disciples also made changes to the lion head; its forehead is lower, its horn rounded and it has a duck beak mouth with flat lips, the body also has more eye-catching colours. The He Shan lion performers were invited to perform in many places within China and Southeast Asia during celebratory festivals. Apart from the lion, the performers are accompanied by a fan bearer, the funny, smiling person or ‘uncle’, the latter being the God of Smiles. [1][2] In Qin Dynasty sources, dancers performing exorcism rituals were described as wearing bearskin mask,[1] and it was also mentioned in Han Dynasty texts that "mime people" (象人) performed as fish, dragons, and phoenixes. Photo © Valeska Gehrmann. Lion Dance club from GuanSheng Temple Malaysia. 9. [3][4] However, lion is not native to China (a species found in Northeast China Panthera youngi had long become extinct),[5] and the Lion Dance therefore has been suggested to have originated outside of China from countries such as India or Persia,[6][7] and introduced via Central Asia. There may also be a "warrior" character who holds a spherical object and leads the lions. marinazlochin. Normally the performers are kung fu practitioners, and a group of Lion Dancers consist of about 10 people. In the Himalayan and Tibetan area, there is also a lion dance called the snow lion dance. [83] During the Suharto era in Indonesia, public expression of Chinese culture was also banned and barongsai (lion dance) procession was considered "provocative" and "an affront to Indonesian nationalism". lion dance during jade emperor birthday during chinese new year - chinese lion dance stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Aerial view of local artists practicing dragon dance on January 22, 2017 in Zunyi, Guizhou Province of China. Chinese Lion Dance The lion dance is a traditional dance performed in the Chinese culture. : Comparte este enlace Copiar. Canton is the homeland of the southern style. [35] Traditional Fo Shan lions are ornate in appearance, a number of regional styles however have developed around the world. [8] According to ethnomusicologist Laurence Picken, the Chinese word for lion itself, shi (獅, written as 師 in the early periods), may have been derived from the Persian word šer. Traditionally, the Fo Shan lion has bristles instead of fur, and is heavier than the modern ones now popularly used. Acrobatics are very common, with stunts like lifts, or balancing on a tiered platform or on a giant ball. Lion dance in the streets of China Town, Bangkok during Chinese New Year celebrations. Their rubric is used in many professional competitions including Genting, Malaysia. The northern dance is often acrobatic, incorporating dangerous stunts. A single dancer, or warok, carries the heavy lion mask about 30 – 40 kg weight by his teeth. These three along with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were known as the "Five Tiger Generals of Shun," each representing one of the colors of the five elements. There are usually two performers in one adult lion, and one in the young lion. [37][38] Its body is made of durable layered cloth also trimmed with fur. When holding an adolescent boy or girl on his head, the Reog dancer holds the weight up to total 100 kilograms. previous items. It is also generally practised together with Dragon dance in some area. [74] Young men may also wear the lion-mane headdress and dance in a coming-of-age ceremony. [44] It is said that after the fall of Qing dynasty in 1912, martial arts expert Mr. Gan De Yuan (干德源) organized a performance in Quanzhou where the Green Lion was dismembered to represent the overthrow of the Qing dynasty. Later, 16 poles were added in the set, but all 21 poles were 85.11 inches higher and 6 inches wider, and are made out of iron instead. In Chinese cǎi (採, pluck) also sounds like cài (菜, meaning vegeta… The main judging rubric was developed by the International Dragon and Lion Dance Federation, scored out of 10 total points. The lions had to fight with stylistic lion moves instead of chaotic street fighting styles. A feature of the Vietnamese unicorn dance is its dance partner Ông Địa or the spirit of the earth, depicted as a large bellied, broadly grinning man holding a palm-leaf fan similar to the Chinese 'Big Head Buddha' (大头佛). The lion’s dance is performed to chase away ghosts and evil spirits, and since the monsters, ghosts, evil spirits and giants like Nian are afraid of loud noises, the dance has become a natural complement to the fire crackers' noise. Feng was born in a village in He Shan county in Guangdong where he was instructed in martial arts and lion dance by his father. From that point onwards, the Green Lion is used without the blades and performed for cultural and ritual purposes. [86] Lion dance became a matter of political and public debate about the national culture of the country. Chinese and Lunar New Year. LION KING of the world! Most lions in Vietnam resemble the Southern Lion, specifically Fut San (Buddha Mountain) style – they are part of the Chinese Southern Lion tradition but have acquired local characteristics. There are many different lion dances in Japan and the style of dancing and design of the lion may differ by region – it is believed that as many as 9,000 variations of the dance exist in the country. The Northern lion dance was used for entertaining the Imperial Court, the lions showed more of a lion’s flowing mane, the appearance similar of a fu lion, a Pekinese dog. In Hindu Balinese culture, the Barong is the king of good spirits and the enemy of the demon queen Rangda. Newer lions, however, may be made with modern materials such as aluminium instead of bamboo and are lighter. Mirrors are believed to expel negative energy, evil and bad spirits, since negative energy would be reflected backwards, evil spirit would be frightened by their own appearance when looking into the mirror and hence would disappear. Different types of fur may be used in modern lion. The name seng ge and its related forms come from Sanskrit for lion siṅha,[69] and cham is a Buddhist ritual dance. [48] The dance may also sometimes feature tigers (tora) or qilin (kirin).[57]. The Chinese Lion Dance or Dragon Dance is historically a very symbolic ceremonial performance that was said to bring good luck, joy, happiness, and great fortune to all who witness the dance. The Southern Lion is a later development in the south of China originating in the Guangdong province. During festivals and performances, when lion dance troupes met, there may be fights between groups. Save. It allows the participants to push their bodies and minds to their utmost and help them strive for higher and higher goals. [39] Newer versions may also apply shinier modern material over the traditional lacquer such as sequin or laser sticker, but they do not last as long as those with lacquer. [9] The earliest use of the word shizi meaning lion first appeared in Han Dynasty texts and had strong association with Central Asia (an even earlier but obsolete term for lion was suanni (狻麑 or 狻猊), and lions were presented to the Han court by emissaries from Central Asia and the Parthian Empire. [48] The oldest surviving lion mask, made of paulownia wood with an articulated lower jaw, is also preserved in Tōdai-ji. It has gained international recognition as the world's largest mask. It is also performed at other festivals and celebrations. The Chinese lion dance is normally operated by two dancers, one of whom manipulates the head while the other forms the rear end of the lion. [75][76] However, as lion-hunting has been made illegal, the dance is seldom performed in a real scenario nowadays, but they may continue to perform the dance for tourists.[77]. During training sessions for fighters, the Green lion was fitted with blades symbolizing the Manchurian army and would become a moving target for trainees. The green here refers to vegetable leaves which are tied to a piece of string which also has a red packet attached containing money. The founder of this style is the "Canton Lion King" Feng Gengzhang (simplified Chinese: 冯庚长; traditional Chinese: 馮庚長; pinyin: Féng Gēngzhǎng) in the early 20th century. The appearance of the lion and the color of the fur has a symbolism to it as well. Chinese lion dance, gong xi fa cai traditional dance in new year cartoon flat illustration. These events became a public challenge. Lion Dance A form of lion dance similar to today's lion dance was described as early as the Tang dynasty, the modern form of the dragon dance however may be a more recent development. The "greens" (qing) is tied together with a "red envelope" containing money and may also include auspicious fruit like oranges. This has contributed to the evolution of how people can play lion dance music - which eliminates the need to carry around instruments (which can be quite large). [80] The competition mostly involves Southern Lion dance teams and may be performed on a series of small circular platforms raised on poles called jongs, and there are a total of 21 poles in the traditional set. The lion dance costumes used in these performances can only be custom made in specialty craft shops in rural parts of Asia and have to be imported at considerable expense for most foreign countries outside Asia. In Okinawa, a similar dance exists, though the lion there is considered to be a legendary shisa. The heads, bodies and behavior of the shisa in the dance are quite different from the shishi on mainland Japan. The Hok San Lion has a straight mouth, a curved horn, and a short tail, the Fat San lion has a curved mouth, a pointed horn, and a long tail. The Southern lions are divided into two main groups, the Hok Shan and the Fat Shan lions. During the Chinese New Year, lion dance troupes will visit the houses and shops of the Asian community to perform the traditional custom of "cai qing" (採青), literally meaning "plucking the greens", whereby the lion plucks the auspicious green lettuce either hung on a pole or placed on a table in front of the premises. The Chinese Lion Dance is a performance in which two performers put on a costume that resembles a lion. marinazlochin. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. The Chinese lion dance is referred to as barongsai in Indonesia, often performed by Chinese Indonesian during Imlek. The Chinese Lion Dance performance is accompanied by Chinese percussion instruments. [12][20][21] By the eighth century, this lion dance had reached Japan. Estás en el lugar idóneo para encontrar chinese lion dance. [citation needed], During the 1950s-60s, in some areas with high population of Chinese and Asian communities especially the Chinatown in many foreign countries abroad China in the world, people who joined lion dance troupes were "gangster-like" and there was a lot of fighting between lion dance troupes and kung fu schools. [47], Japan has a long tradition of the lion dance and the dance is known as shishi-mai (獅子舞) in Japanese. [35] There are however regional variations of the lion. Northern (or Beijing) style, lion dances were developed by imitating the movements of a dog, and were performed as entertainment for the imperial court. Later, he also studied martial arts and lion dance in Foshan before returning to his hometown and setting up his own training hall. The tail is more curvy in design, does not have a diamond pattern, and lacks bells. Fut San, Hok San, Fut Hok, Chow Gar, etc. These can reach 3m for normal heights, but championship poles can go up to 6m. Instruments consist of a drum, cymbals and a gong. Save. One horn is attached to the lion’s forehead. [35] The different lion types can be identified from the design of the lion head. The performers and the schools would gain praise and respect on top of the large monetary reward when they did well. In such cases the lion is usually burned right after use as it is considered inauspicious to be kept around. The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The Snow Lion is regarded as an emblem of Tibet and the Snow Lion Dance is a popular dance in Tibetan communities and it is performed during festivals such as during the ritual dance (cham) festival and the New Year. A large sum of money was rewarded, and the audience expected a good show. Often called the fourth brother, this lion is also called the Heroic Lion because Zhao was said to ride through Cao Cao's million man army to rescue Liu Bei's infant and fight his way back out. [78] The lion dance troupes are sometimes accompanied by various characters such as the Big Head Buddha.[79]. You can read all about the legend in our illustrated Story of Nian.. Street celebrations often include a performance of the lion dance which is thought to bring good luck. The "lion" will dance and approach the "green" and "red envelope" like a curious cat, to "eat the green" and "spit" it out but keep the "red envelope" which is the reward for the lion troupe. The poles can be added with props or obstacles as well, such as a small wooden bridge that can be easily broken in half, or a pair of wire lines that can be crossed over. The procession will lead through the streets, bringing joy and happiness to the people. For groups in Western countries, this is made possible through funds raised through subscriptions and pledges made by members of local cultural and business societies. In the old days, the lettuce was hung 5–6 m (16–20 ft) above ground and only a well-trained martial artist could reach the money while dancing with a heavy lion head. [12][14][15] An alternative suggestion is therefore that the dance may have developed from a local tradition that appropriated the Buddhist symbolism of lion.[5]. Several 1990s movies, including a remade version of Wong Fei Hung, and the sequels of Once Upon a Time in China, involve plots centered on lion dancing, especially Once Upon a Time in China III and IV. 'Crane Mountain'), both named after their place of origin. [59] In many of the traditional masked dance dramas, the lion dance appears as one part of a number of acts. Lion dances take place during the first few days of the Chinese New Year. Other forms of lion dance exist around the world, for example Singa Barong in Indonesian culture. [citation needed], The He Shan style lion is known for its richness of expression, unique footwork, impressive-looking appearance and vigorous drumming style. Parents were afraid to let their children join lion dance troupes because of the "gangster" association with the members. Traditionally there might have been different interpretations, while folk tales will have added their influences. [84] For example, in Malaysia, lion dance was criticized by a Malay politician in the 1970s as not Malaysian in style and suggested that it be changed to a tiger dance,[85] and it was banned except at Chinese New Year until 1990. It is held on special occasions such as the Lebaran (Eid al-Fitr), City or Regency anniversary, or Independence day carnival. Musicians accompanying lion dance at Seattle's Chinatown-International District Night Market, Hing Hay Park (2010), Shaolin Temple 3: North and South Shaolin, "Hinc sunt leones — two ancient Eurasian migratory terms in Chinese revisited", "Folk artists rehearse lion dance for upcoming Chinese Lunar New Year in China's Gansu", "Qilin Dancing During the Lunar New Year and Southern Chinese Martial Culture", "The Hakka Chinese: Their Origin, Folk Songs And Nursery Rhymes", "Chinese Lion Dance in the United States", "Hidden Meanings In the Southern Cantonese Lion Dance Costume", "Lion Dance in Tay and Nung Ethnic Culture", "Let a Lion Bite Your Head (for Good Luck)", "Eunyul Talchum (Mask Dance Drama of Eunyul)", "Traditions revived during Seollal holidays", "Gar Cham – Meditative Dance – "Lama Dance, Malaysia Muar Lion Dance Troupe is World Champion|New Straits Times |11 February 1994, "Lion dancers dazzle with football stunts", "Chapter 8, Dancing Lions and Disappearing History: The National Culture Debates and Chinese Malaysian Culture", "Chinese Lion Dance Banned in Indonesia's Aceh", The Beginner’s Guide to Chinese Lion Dance, An in-depth article on the Chinese Lion Dance, Malaysia Muar Lion Dance Troupe is World Champion New Straits Times 11 Feb, 1994, Korean Insights - Madangguk: Mask Dance-Drama, San Francisco Chinese New Year Festival and Parade, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lion_dance&oldid=1000927363, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Indonesian-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles containing Standard Tibetan-language text, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 11:37. 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